Showing posts with label concept (觀念). Show all posts
Showing posts with label concept (觀念). Show all posts

Thursday, June 18, 2015

卡盧仁波切~密法如何念咒

卡盧仁波切 


                                    一九八九年三月二十八日講於索拿達

六 道眾生,遍滿虛空。於六道中,眾生的生存方式,多至不可勝數。例如,有些眾生能看見其他各道中的眾生;有些眾生則無能為力。六道眾生裡,最不幸的是地獄道 和餓鬼道的眾生。他們的壽命最長,痛苦最劇。地獄眾生受極寒極熱之苦,餓鬼受極饑極渴之苦。若能看到他們,我們即會生起悲心,自忖非得救助他們不可。唯一 能提供我們資料,讓我們了解他們處境的是佛法中對地獄道和餓鬼道的描述。我們看不到此二道,而此二道的眾生亦看不見我們。

我 們若想利益他們,除了修行佛法,別無他途。我們在此世間所能看見的眾生是各種動物,包括鳥、豬、狗、牛、羊、魚、蛙及昆蟲等。這些眾生過去所造之業不善, 如今都不能主宰自己的生活。我們能看見他們及其所受之大苦。我們若想能幫助它們,對它們說法是沒用的,因為它們不懂我們的語言。雖然念誦佛號、短咒、長咒 給它們聽,會對它們有所幫助,但我們無法讓許多眾生獲得大益。


我們能傳予法義,並能期望其了解而獲益者是世間的人類。不過,很少有人能了解佛法,可能有百分之九十九的人不懂佛法講的是什麼;那些能懂一點佛法的人,有的對佛法了無興趣,有的則怎麼說也不能起信。由於大多數人皆屬此類,能認識佛法旨趣者僅僅百中得一,故以法教助人很難。
像我們這樣對佛法能有所了解、能生歡喜心,並已入於佛法修行之道者,極少。對我等來說,今生最有益、最重要之事,莫過於見法、修法,以致能行法。


心 是了解佛法所必須討論的根本問題。流轉生死者是心,受輪迴之苦者是心,超越痛苦而成覺利生者也是心。不管是輪迴還是成覺,其中除心之外,別無其他。因此, 認識心是一件極端重要之事。為了要認識心,我們先舉一例。攙雜泥土之水,對我們沒什麼用處,清淨之水則做什麼都行,可供飲用、可以烹茶等等。不淨之心是處 於無明的根本識,猶如泥水;根本智,無染的淨心則有如清水。我們若對心性了解到某種程度,自然會領悟業因果報的運作。結果,我們就會舍惡行善而造善業,我 們的惡業也會因而逐漸消失。對心的了解即是這樣使得我們體會到業因果報所含的真義。


現 在,我們來更仔細地了解心與領悟業之間的關聯。首先要談的是,根本識不淨之心象地一樣,它具有地大的特色,地是堅固的。其潮濕顯示水大的存在;其溫暖是火 大;其活動是風大;其廣大性為湖、樹、草等之所依是空大。因此,地大之中,五大具足。根本識有五大的特色:從根本識出現“八識”、“五蘊”,以及我們經驗 中的其他方面。這些都是在根本識這塊“地”上所種之因。從這些因所生之果很多,猶如上述的泥水,亦即所謂的“因果”。生死輪迴的現象,出自此根本識,也回 歸此根本識。這就是業因果報的運作。


業果以煩惱 為 所依。例如,我們若有某物,心中會想:“這是我的。”如是一來,執著即起。我們若憂慮他人前來奪取該物,就會生起貪心。此貪成為因,一旦融入根本識中,或 刻在根本識上,其後果將是貧窮和更貪。同樣的道理,善因生善果,惡因生惡果。所有佛法中最主要的即是業因果報。理由是,在業因果報方面若行得正,惡業即 減,善業即增,以致我們有可能積聚福智二資糧,而終成正覺。


修 此成覺之道的第一步,是皈依上師和三寶,然後是觀業因果報,依自己的了悟而舍惡行善,名為“資糧道”。當你依序修行下、中、上三個次第的資糧道時,你的善 業隨之增加。最後,你在精進、智慧、忍辱方面也大有長進。至此,你已抵達“加行道”。在加行道,你修禪定和精進,也就是修法。結果,你直證曾用理智所觀的 心性,這是進入“見道”的時刻。依序修行下、中、上三個次第的見道,直到抵達見道極頂為止。至此,我們看心性的空、明與無礙智就像看見密友,一眼即能認 出。


資糧道、加行道與見道,都各含有下、中、上 三 個次第,都是小乘、大乘及金剛乘所不可或缺的。此三道之所依,在三乘中完全相同。三乘無一不是殊勝的悲心、加持和力量之源,無一不是成覺的寶貴方便。不 過,此三道修行時間的長短,在三乘中就大有差異了。在修道所需時間上,小乘極長,大乘比小乘短得多,而我們所講的金剛乘則又遠較其他二乘為短。例如,金剛 乘的行者中,上等根器可即身成覺;中等根器可於中陰階段成覺;下等根器也可在修過三生或七生之後成覺。因此,就金剛乘的修行來看,資糧道、加行道與見道, 都是相當短的,這是因為金剛乘具有充實其修行的方便法和大悲心。我們如今能有機會修金剛乘,真是太幸運了。


關 於此點,有例為證。佛曾說過,沒有比誦“嗡嘛尼貝美吽”更有益的了。發願誦此六字真言一億遍者,可用小乘的方式,那就是獨誦。無論如何精進,也要三年多的 時間才能誦完一億遍。但若用大乘的方式去誦,則可集一百位有相同信仰和志願者,共同誦此真言,把每人所誦的真言遍數加在一起,即成所謂“共同一億遍”,這 比用小乘的方式要快得多了。然而,依金剛乘的看法,誦真言者可想象自己化現為一百、一萬或十萬觀世音,並想象這些化身都真在那裡不斷念誦六字真言。若以信 心修行此法,則只要幾個小時或幾天,就能誦完一億遍,在效率上,諸乘之間有著這樣的差別。


如 果我們只對某一位上師、本尊或佛有大信心,而欲向其禮拜十萬次,那就需要很長的時間。這種修法會除一些障礙和積一些功德,但起信的對象只有一個。在修四加 行時,我們的修法是想象面前空中充滿上師、本尊、佛陀、菩薩、空行母、護者及護法成百、成千、成萬,遍布十方,真的在我們面前現身。我們想象自己發出成 百、成千、成萬的化身,與一切眾生共同向諸上師等頂禮。如是禮拜十萬次,我們所積之功德及所除之障疑,就像禮拜無數個十萬次那麼多。這就是金剛乘道的修 法。


富人可能想要一些金銀綢緞等貴重物品來供養 其 所信的上師或佛,可能先款待這位上師或佛,然後獻上自認為是寶貴的東西,說:“這是我所珍愛之物,希望您肯接受。”這種出自信心的獻供,能為獻供者積大功 德,是一件非常好的事。同樣的,在修曼達供時,我們不斷向十方諸佛與菩薩,獻上自己的身、語、意和一切所有;獻上過去、現在、未來所積之善;獻上天、人的 各種享受棗美妙之聲色、美味和香味、愉快的感受。我們以大信心,一再如是去做。我們用此修法所積之功德,比上述富人所積要多數千倍、數萬倍、數十萬倍。我 們所積之功德增加,我們的障疑就相對減少。


所以說,金剛乘的這種善巧方便從何而來?從心而來。一切現象皆起於心;心性是空、明、無礙智;若能知此心性,我們就會了解金剛乘所有起於心的善巧方便。有此了解,我們修善、修法就容易了,我們的修行會立即產生效果。


目 前,我們把一切經驗色、聲、香、味、觸都看成是真實的、實存的,我們想:“我存在,有我,我的確存在,”我們有一種以自我為中心的成見。固執這種成見實在 是極能限製成長和令人衰弱之事,它就像是在索拿達地區的道路上布滿了荊棘,而我們卻光著腳在上面走。扎入腳中的每一根刺,都非拔不可,這使得我們的前進既 費時又困難。顯然,我們若是穿上堅固的鞋,那就好走得多了。


我 們必須觀想、祈求上師、本尊和佛陀,以及對他們生起信心,不這樣做,即不可能行解脫道。佛陀存在,上師存在,本尊存在,因為他們存在,我們才能得到他們所 賜的各種加持及成就。不過,我們所說的佛或上師,並非象鐵、水晶或金銀那樣的物質,你決不可以這種唯物的態度去看他們,上師或佛的本質是空;其性唯明;其 相是無礙智的遊戲。除此之外,他們完全沒有真正具體的形色,就像虛空之空明一樣。了知他們如此,我們即能生起信心,讓自己的心與他們的心合二為一,息念安 住。這種態度及修行,極其重要。


有些人可能對上 師 或佛有大信心,但他們想:“我的上師是真實的,具有這種形相、這種聲音、這種感受等等。我的上師確實存在,我自己也確是某某人,我對這位上師大有信心,我 很敬愛我的上師,我的心全放在我的上師身上,我願盡我所能侍奉我的上師,並以信心修行。”後來,上師圓寂時,他們想:“真可怕!上師圓寂了”他們不勝悲 愁,心想:“我再也看不見我的上師了!”因此,他們深感沮喪和焦慮。這是由於。


我 的根本上師之一是博學有成就的康育仁波切,他是很了不起的人。他有一位法國女弟子,對他極為虔敬,這位女弟子想:“康育仁波切是我的根本上師,我對他有大 信心。”在教禪觀時,康育仁波切要她把心與他的心合在一起。於是女弟子想:“自今而後,我願將我之身與他之身看作是不可分,將我們之語看作不可分,將我們 之意看作不可分。”她在這一點上觀想了一段時間。她的信心純正,修得也好。不過,她潛在的執著心強,不久之後,她好象隨時隨地都帶著上師:他走她也走,他 坐她也坐,如影隨形。她覺得老是有上師在身邊壓力很大,以致白天吃不下飯,晚上睡不著覺,她幾乎要發瘋了。我過去常看到她,如今已有些時候沒見面了,結果 如何,不得而知。


據說,很多人想:“我的上師老了,住的又遠,因此,我不會再見到他了,我們相隔太遠,使我無法得到他的加持。”有很多人真這麼想。


同 樣的,你要把一切聲音都看作是聲與空的結合,是觀世音六字大明咒的自然回音。你要把一切精神現象和活動都看作是觀世音之心,是智與空的結合大手印。心遍虛 空智滿心,讓你的心安住於智之空明,無有散亂。然後,無論做什麼行、坐或任何日常活動你都要保持此智。如是,你的修行就會逐步進展,成佛不再是難事,一切 現象和你的生活經驗都將變為成覺之道的一部分。


於 此世間,每天都有人死去。無論如何,人人都不免一死,但每天出生的人數跟死去的也差不多。因此,這個世間永不會空,而將老是這樣,於此世間,人們有各種不 同的生活經驗,但生、老、病、死則一,無人能免。一切無常,沒有永恆或實存者。我們必須將此點牢記在心,時刻不忘,這是絕對必要的。

Wednesday, May 23, 2012

How do We experience ???


THE FIVE AGGREGATES
This is the last in the series of twelve sessions that we have spent together, and in this last session we are going to look at the teaching of the five aggregates (Skandhas): Rupa, Vedana, Samjna, Samskara and Vijnana. In other words, we are going to look at the Buddhist analysis of personal experience or the Buddhist analysis of the personality.
Throughout the last lectures, I have had occasions a number of times to make the point that Buddhist teachings have been found relevant to modern life and thought in the fields of science, psychology and so forth. Here, in regard to the analysis of personal experience into the five aggregates, this is also the case. Modern psychologists and psychiatrists have been particularly interested in this analysis. It has even been suggested that in the Abhidharma and in the analysis of personal experience into the five aggregates, we have a psychological equivalent to the table of elements worked out in modern science. What we have in the Buddhist analysis of personal experience is a very careful inventory and evaluation of the elements of our experience.
What we are going to do today is basically an extension and a refinement of what we were doing at the end of last week’s lecture. There, we spent some time on the teachings of impermanence, suffering and notself. In the course of looking at the teaching on not-self, we have explored briefly how the analysis of personal experience can be carried out along two lines, and that is with regard to the body, and with regard to the mind. You will recall that we have examined the body and mind to see whether in either of them we can locate the self, and we have found that the self is not to be found in either of them. We have concluded that the name ‘self’ is just a convenient term for a collection of physical and mental factors, in the same way that the name ‘forest’ is just a convenient term for a collection of trees. This week, we are going to take our analysis still further, and rather than looking at personal experience simply in terms of body and mind, we are going to analyze personal experience in terms of the five aggregates.
Let us first look at the aggregate of matter or form (Rupa). The aggregate of form corresponds to what we would call material or physical factors. It includes not only our own bodies, but also the material objects that surround us - the earth, the oceans, the trees, the buildings, and so forth. Specifically, the aggregate of form includes the five physical sense organs and the corresponding physical objects of the sense organs. These are the eyes and visible objects, the ears and sound, the nose and smell, the tongue and taste, and the skin and tangible objects.
But physical elements by themselves are not enough to produce experience. The simple contact between the eyes and visible objects, or between the ears and sound cannot result in experience without consciousness (Vijnana). The eyes can be in conjunction with the visible object indefinitely without producing experience. The ears too can be exposed to sound indefinitely without producing experience. Only the co-presence of consciousness together with the sense organ and the object of the sense organ produces experience. In other words, it is when the eyes, the visible object and consciousness come together that the experience of a visible object is produced. Consciousness is therefore an indispensable element in the production of experience.
Before we go on to our consideration of the mental factors of personal experience, I would like to mention briefly the existence of one more set of an organ and its object, and here I speak of the sixth-sense -the mind. This is in addition to the five physical sense organs - eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. Just as the five physical sense organs have their corresponding physical objects, the mind has for its object ideas or properties (dharmas). And as in the case of the five physical sense organs, consciousness is present to unite the mind and its object so as to produce experience.
Let us now look at the mental factors of experience and let us see if we can understand how consciousness turns the physical factors of experience into personal conscious experience. First of all, we must remember that consciousness is mere awareness, or mere sensitivity to an object. When the physical factors of experience, as for example the eyes and a visible object, come into contact, and when consciousness too becomes associated with the physical factors of experience, visual consciousness arises. This is mere awareness of a visible object, not anything like what we could call personal experience. The way that our personal experience is produced is through the functioning of the other three major mental factors of experience and they are the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception and the aggregate of mental formation or volition. These three aggregates function to turn this mere awareness of the object into personal experience.
The aggregate of feeling or sensation (Vedana) is of three kinds - pleasant, unpleasant and indifferent. When an object is experienced, that experience takes on one of these emotional tones, either the tone of pleasure, or the tone of displeasure, or the tone of indifference.
Let us next look at the aggregate of perception (Samjna). This is an aggregate which many people find difficult to understand. When we speak of perception, we have in mind the activity of recognition, or identification. In a sense, we are talking about the attaching of a name to an object of experience. The function of perception is to turn an indefinite experience into an identified and recognized experience. Here, we are speaking of the formulation of a conception of an idea about a particular object. Just as with feeling where we have a emotional element in terms of pleasure, displeasure or indifference; with perception, we have a conceptual element in the sense of introducing a definite, determinate idea about the object of experience.
Finally, there is the aggregate of mental formation or volition (Samskara). This aggregate may be described as a conditioned response to the object of experience. In this sense, it partakes of the meaning of habit as well. We have spent some time discussing the component of mental formation when we considered the twelve components of dependent origination. You will remember that on that occasion, we described mental formation as the impression created by previous actions, the habit energy stored up from countless former lives. Here, as one of the five aggregates also, the aggregate of mental formation plays a similar role. But it has not only a static value, it also has a dynamic value because just as our reactions are conditioned by former deeds, so are our responses here and now motivated and directed in a particular way by our mental formation or volition. Mental formation or volition therefore has a moral dimension just as perception has a conceptual dimension, and feeling has a emotional dimension. You will notice I use the terms mental formation and volition together. This is because each of these terms represents one half of the meaning of Samskara - mental formation represents the half that comes from the past, and volition represents the half that functions here and now. So mental formation and volition function to determine our responses to the objects of experience and these responses have moral consequences in the sense of wholesome, unwholesome or neutral.
We can now see how the physical and mental factors of experience worked together to produce personal experience. To make this a little clearer, let us take the help of a couple of concrete examples. Let us say after today’s lecture you decide to take a walk in the garden. As you walk in the garden, your eyes come into contact with a visible object. As your attention focuses on that visible object, your consciousness becomes aware of visible object as yet indeterminate. Your aggregate of perception will identify that visible object as, let us say, a snake. Once that happens, you will respond to that visible object with the aggregate of feeling - the feeling of displeasure, or more specifically that of fear. Finally, you will react to that visible object with the aggregate of mental formation or volition, with the intentional action of perhaps running away or perhaps picking up a stone.
In all our daily activities, we can see how all the five aggregates work together to produce personal experience. At this very moment, for instance, there is contact between two elements of the aggregate of form - the sound of my voice and your ears. Your consciousness becomes aware of the sound of my voice. Your aggregate of perception identifies the words that I am speaking. Your aggregate of feeling responds with an emotional response - pleasure, displeasure or indifference. Your aggregate of mental formation or volition responds with a conditioned reaction - sitting in attention, daydreaming or perhaps yawning. We can analyze all our personal experience in terms of the five aggregates.
There is one point that has to be remembered regarding the nature of the five aggregates, and that is that each and all of them are in constant change. The elements that constitute the aggregate of form are impermanent and are in a state of constant change. We discussed this last week - the body grows old, weak, sick and so forth. The things around us are also impermanent and change constantly. Our feelings too are constantly changing. We may respond today to a particular situation with a feeling of pleasure. To-morrow, we may respond to that same situation with the feeling of displeasure. Today we may perceive an object in a particular way. At a later time, under different circumstances, our perception will change. In semi-darkness we perceive a rope to be a snake. The moment the light of the torch falls upon that object, we perceive it to be a rope. So our perceptions like our feelings and like the material objects of our experience are ever changing and impermanent. So too, our mental formations are impermanent and ever-changing. We alter our habits. We can learn to be kind and compassionate. We can acquire the attitudes of renunciation and equanimity and so forth. Consciousness too is impermanent and constantly changing. Consciousness arises dependent upon an object and a sense organ. It cannot exist independently. As we have seen, all the physical and mental factors of our experience like our bodies, the physical objects around us, our minds and our ideas are impermanent and constantly changing. All these aggregates are constantly changing and impermanent. They are processes, not things. They are dynamic, not static.
What is the use of this analysis of personal experience in terms of the five aggregates? What is the use of this reduction of the apparent unity of personal experience into the various elements of form, feeling, perception, mental formation or volition, and consciousness? The purpose of this analysis is to create the wisdom of not-self. What we wish to achieve is to arrive at a way of experiencing the world which is not constructed upon and around the idea of a self. We want to see personal experience in terms of processes, in terms of impersonal functions rather than in terms of a self and what affects a self because this will create an attitude of equanimity, an attitude which will help us overcome the emotional disturbances of hope and fear. We hope for happiness, we fear pain. We hope for praise, we fear blame. We hope for gain, we fear loss. We hope for fame, we fear infamy. We live in a state of alternating between hope and fear. We experience these hopes and fears because we understand happiness and pain and so forth in terms of the self. We understand them as personal happiness and pain, as personal praise and blame, and so forth. But once we understand them in terms of impersonal processes, and once through this understanding we get rid of the idea of the self, we can overcome hope and fear. We can regard happiness and pain, praise and blame and all the rest with equanimity, with even-mindedness, and we will then no longer be subject to the imbalance of alternating between hope and fear.

Wednesday, January 30, 2008

Chapter 2: 學習佛法之路: “自我”與”證悟”的和解

第二章: 學習佛法之路: “自我”與”證悟”的和解

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“證悟到底與我有什麼關係?” 在學佛的道路上,修行者必定與這個問題搏鬥許久.
在我們心中, 一直會出現兩種對立的現象: 一種是渴望得到自由與知識, 以及對覺悟有種大約概念性的想法. 另一種是, 當我們很誠實的面對實際狀況, 我們卻陷入自己的掙扎, 困惑, 與一切醜惡的泥沼裡無法自拔. 那麼,我們要如何做才能平衡兩種對立, 予與和解呢?

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當我們嘗試著逃避內心裡不愉快的痛苦及困惑, 而努力達成解脫 (也許這些想法很模糊, 也許很清晰), 我們將發現自己的修行並沒有建立在自身的經驗上. 而是建立在一個思想的架構上, 即是我們”欲想”得到某種東西. 倘偌我們把注意力集中在痛苦與困惑上, 讓它們吞噬我們, 我們將會發現自己的願景消匿, 開悟及解脫痛苦的可能性降低, 對人人皆有佛性的信仰開始動搖. 這兩種狀況都讓我們與親身的經驗分離開來.

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佛法之所以擁有特殊的美感及慈悲, 是因為佛法從不會讓我們去經歷任何
我們沒有經歷的事物. 再者, 讓我們的心專注在自己的經驗上, 包括一切的痛苦及困惑, 也是在修行的道路上的起始步驟. 佛陀傳法時, 四聖諦裡的苦集滅道, 苦的真諦便是擺在教授佛法的第一位. 這是種多麼大的慈悲, 因為無論我們面對或逃避痛苦, 受苦的事實卻是真實存在.

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佛法的修行絕不會屏除任何的經驗. 甚至, 佛法教導我們面對任何事情時, 都能夠以一種嶄新的態度對待, 那就是了解自己所經驗的事情, 但是不賦予任何的評斷. 這種開放心胸的, 不給與評斷的能力, 是必須從消除自我的”個人化”經驗做起. 任何的念頭,感官以及情緒上的覺受都是瞬間即逝的. 這些瞬間並沒有固有的真理或是身分.

Tuesday, May 29, 2007

Heart Sutra 104: 你的"心"在那兒? "心"是什麼?


佛學裡常問道何為"心"? 你的心是什麼?

是思想嗎? 是情感嗎? 還是觀念?

宗喀巴大師在"俱信論" 中引用了"喜金剛二品續"中裡的一段文字: 心的本質是無知覺, 無色, 無聲, 無香, 無味, 無觸覺. 大師更詮釋這段文字的意義為, 心是沒有本俱的, 心是無自性的, 心是沒有自我存在的特質. 也就是說, 心的本質, (mind nature) , 即是空性. 在相對層次的世界裡, "心'' 必須是相互依存而存在的, 心的存在是一種現象.

我們由眼耳鼻舌身接收外在一切訊息, 儲存在意識裡消化। 然而, 我們的意識, 包涵了今世所累積的一切概念, 以及父母, 環境薰陶, 與教育的觀念, 在加上前世累積的記憶, 因此形成了我們的思考意識及淺在意識, 這一些所謂的database, 將主宰著我們對任何狀況的反應। 然而, 這樣子的記憶裡, 存在著許多複雜的情緒, 我們必須超脫的是, 被這些情緒所控制!

"心"是什麼呢? 這種多層的"意識"本身被稱作為"心".

然而, 你的心在那兒找的到呢? 金剛經裡提到, "應無所住, 而生其心'' !

這無所住, 說的是不攀附任何一個觀感上的覺受, 不依著任何一個現象, 不執著於任何一個思想, 觀念, 更不寄宿於任何外在的人或物, 哪麼, 這"心" 的本質才會真正的顯現, 我們才能超越生生世世的痛苦及恐懼!

不攀附任何一個觀感上的覺受; "覺受"是什麼? "覺受"也許是感官上的感覺, 是寒冷的, 酷熱的, 柔軟的, 堅硬的, 清香的, 惡臭的, 或是歡愉的, 刺激的, 痛觸的; 也許是心理上的覺受, 也許是興奮的,快樂的, 受寵的, 羞辱的, 痛苦的, 或是憂傷的. 佛陀說, 這些覺受都不必去加以留戀, 我們內心的本質, 也就是我們的佛性才會顯現, 我們才能從痛苦的輪迴中超脫出來. 在入定的時候, 這個練習是很重要的, 當然, 禪坐時的修練, 更是必須運用在行住坐臥中.

至於, 不依著任何一個現象是什麼? "現象"可能是倍受尊崇的地位, 是平步青雲的優越, 是幸福至極的生活方式, 也可能是懷才不遇的窘態, 是受虐或受誤解的悲憤.... 然而, 佛陀說, 這些現象都是不必要去依附或眷戀的, 因為依附於和合的, 因緣際會之無常態的現象, 到頭來, 都是更痛苦的।

佛陀說的"無所住", 最細微的層面是, 不執著於任何一個思想, 觀念, 概念!

思想是感官察覺後思考的結果, 然而這思考所根據的觀念, 皆是累世或是經年累月, 外在接收的資訊, 教育及環境刺激所形成的, 這是一種自我對某人事物或狀態的想法及看法

例如事業成功的人一定是爭名好利的, 富裕的人家一定是膚淺薄情的...等標籤式的思想概念. 又例如, 台灣民眾就是當年倍受國民黨欺凌的可憐人, 因此臺灣人必要誓死打倒國民黨, 或是打倒一座銅像紀念館. 例如, 佛教徒一定是素食守戒律的, 若某人外表上看來沒有遵守, 便被認為是叛教份子, 或偽善....等. 然而這種想法都僅僅是自我形成的觀念!!

大部分的人, 從來沒有盡心的深入的觀察實相, 便立下了一個虛無飄渺但難以動搖的觀念.

台灣人民真是這樣可憐嗎? 只不過是另一個地方的人民而已. 若是當年臺灣獨立了又如何? 台灣人在沒有資源下, 有能力統治, 建設及保衛嗎? 幾十年來, 統治台灣的政黨若是共產黨呢? 再者, 經濟, 生活, 文化, 資產...的大著眼及考量下, 國民黨做的事及規劃的藍圖, 僅是在如何立足於世界的方向上, 觀念的不同। 有那樣可惡嗎? 況且, 今日國民黨早不是當年二二八的在位的人, 更何況, 當年所發生的事, 誰能知其因緣? 也沒有特定的事實! 另外, 佛教徒真應是這樣嗎? 若真深入佛法, 當然那吃素守戒皆不是本質! 或那人真的是偽善嗎? ....等.

基本上, 在相對的世界裡, 這些都只是極偏頗的, 況且僅是自我單方的看法及觀念. 心胸不夠廣闊, 觀察不夠細微深入. "觀念"本身沒有對或錯, 而是只有在相對的客體上, 單方面對一個特定物的看法. 但是, 觀念卻是一個阻礙自己看清實相的絆腳石! 佛陀說的 "常樂我淨, 寂靜涅盤", 說的便是超脫任何的概念, 便能安住於清淨無染的空間.